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Living Modified Organism (LMO)
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Decisions on the LMO Risk Assessments  
last updated: 13 Feb 2025
Living Modified Organism identity
The image below identifies the LMO through its unique identifier, trade name and a link to this page of the BCH. Click on it to download a larger image on your computer. For help on how to use it go to the LMO quick-links page.
Glyphosate tolerant, short stature maize
EN
MON87427 × MON94804 × NK603
Yes
MON-87427-7 × MON-948Ø4-4 × MON-ØØ6Ø3-6
The maize (Zea mays) was produced through cross breeding of modified parental varieties for shortened stature to reduce lodging in the field and tolerance to glyphosate. To achieve a reduced height, the biosynthesis of bioactive gibberellins was prevented by silencing both gibberellic acid 20 oxidase 3 and gibberellic acid 20 oxidase 5 in vegetative tissues through the expression of a microRNA suppression cassette. For glyphosate tolerance, the maize expresses three Agrobacterium tumefaciens 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase cassettes. The bacterial variant of the protein has a low binding affinity for the herbicide and thus allows for the continued biosynthesis of aromatic amino acids through the shikimate pathway.
EN
The term “Recipient organism” refers to an organism (either already modified or non-modified) that was subjected to genetic modification, whereas “Parental organisms” refers to those that were involved in cross breeding or cell fusion.
  • BCH-ORGA-SCBD-246-6 Organism Zea mays (Maize, Corn, MAIZE)
    Crops
  • BCH-LMO-SCBD-104758-3 Living Modified Organism MON-87427-7 - Maize modified for tissue selective glyphosate tolerance
    Monsanto | Resistance to herbicides (Glyphosate)
  • BCH-LMO-SCBD-277049-1 Living Modified Organism MON-948Ø4-4 - Short-stature maize
    Bayer CropScience | Changes in physiology and/or production
  • BCH-LMO-SCBD-14776-18 Living Modified Organism MON-ØØ6Ø3-6 - Roundup Ready™ maize
    Monsanto | Resistance to herbicides (Glyphosate)
EN
Characteristics of the modification process
PV-ZMAP1043; PV-ZMAP527892; PV-ZMGT32
EN
  • Cross breeding
Some of these genetic elements may be present as fragments or truncated forms. Please see notes below, where applicable.
DNA insert from MON87427 (PV-ZMAP1043)
The parental maize contributed one genetic cassette for Agrobacterium tumefaciens 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (cp4-epsps).

Transcription cp4-epsps commences from the Cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) enhanced 35S promoter and ends at the A. tumefaciens nopaline synthase (nos) gene terminator. The transcript contains a Zea mays heat shock protein 70 (hsp70) intron, Arabidopsis thaliana N-terminal chloroplast transit peptide sequence and cp4-epsps. The CaMV enhanced 35S promoter-hsp70 combination promotes gene expression in female and vegetative tissues, but not in male reproductive tissues (pollen microspores and tapetum). The chloroplast transit peptide directs the protein to accumulate in the chloroplast.

Note:
- Southern blot analyses indicate that a single copy of the T-DNA was inserted at a single site in the parental maize genome and no plasmid vector backbone sequences were detected to have been integrated. DNA sequencing analyses further indicated that the expected T-DNA sequences were integrated.
-The cp4-epsps coding sequence is the codon optimized coding sequence of the aroA gene from Agrobacterium sp. strain CP4 encoding CP4 EPSPS.

DNA insert from MON94804 (vector PV-ZMAP527892)
The parent maize contributed one genetic cassette encoding a microRNA interference suppression cassette. Transcription of the this gene cassette is under control of the Rice tungro bacilliform virus 1 promoter and a synthetic maize terminator (GST43). The initial transcript includes both a maize heat shock protein 70 intron to enhance transcription and a gibberellic acid 20 oxidase suppression sequence, comprised of two inverted repeats of gibberellic acid 20 oxidase flanked and separated by Oryza sativa precursor miRNA MIR1425 sequences. Upon transcription, the inverted sequences base pair to form a hairpin structure (pri-miRNA), which will trigger an RNA interference response in the cells, resulting in processing of the pri-miRNA into mature microRNA. Thus, no translation of this coding sequence is expected to occur. For more information, see the section "Please describe how the expression of the gene(s) was affected" below.

Note:
  • Elevated levels of transcription is expected in vegetative tissues due to the nature of the promoter and the heat shock protein 70 intron.
  • Next-generation sequencing analysis indicated that a single T-DNA insertion into the maize genome occurred and the gibberellic acid 20 oxidase suppression cassette was intact without rearrangements. However, the right border was absent in the insertion, while the left border was truncated. The analysis also indicated that the T-DNA insertion resulted in a 41 basepair deletion within the host genome surrounding the T-DNA insertion site.
  • The initial T-DNA insertion contained a selectable marker cassette (Oryza sativa actin 1 promoter, O. sativa actin 1 intron, Arabidopsis thaliana chloroplast transit peptide 2, Agrobacterium tumefaciens 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate and A. tumefaciens nopaline synthase terminator), which was excised using loxP recombination during development by crossing with a Cre recombinase expressing maize line. Sequencing analysis confirmed that the selectable marker cassette and the Cre-recombinase from vector PV-ZMOO513642 were both absent.

DNA insert from NK603 (vector PV-ZMGT32)
The parental maize contributes two adjacent genetic cassettes for Agrobacterium tumefaciens 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (cp4-epsps).

In the first (5' end) expression cassette, the cp4-epsps gene is under the transcriptional regulation of an Oryza sativa actin promoter and an A. tumefaciens nopaline synthase gene (nos) terminator. An O. sativa actin intron is also present in the transcript for enhanced expression of the coding sequence. The second cassette consists of another cp4-epsps gene regulated by a Cauliflower mosaic virus enhanced 35S promoter (containing a duplicated enhancer region) and a nos terminator. Similarly, an intron from the Zea mays heat shock protein 70 (hsp70) was included for enhancing expression of the coding sequence. Both promoters of the gene cassettes are expected to promote high levels of transcription.

Note:
  • The parental NK603 line contained a single, intact insertion containing both cp4-epsps gene cassettes.
  •  Due to a restriction digest prior to particle bombardment, the vector backbone, containing Escherichia coli neomycin phosphotransferase II and origin of replication, were not incorporated into the parental genome.

For more information, kindly refer to the parental LMO records.
EN
LMO characteristics
After transcription from the genetic cassette contributed from MON94804, the nascent transcript contains two inverted repeats of gibberellic acid 20 oxidase flanked and separated by Oryza sativa precursor miRNA MIR1425 sequences. The inverted sequences will then base pair to form a hairpin structure (pri-miRNA), which is then processed into a duplex pre-miRNA by DICER LIKE 1. Following this, a mature 21-nucleotide miRNA complexes with ARGONAUTE proteins and the miRNA duplex is unwound, leaving a singular strand of miRNA within the protein. The activated complex (the RNA-induced silencing complex) then acts as a sequence-specific endonuclease, directing the cleavage of messenger RNA with complementarity to the miRNA. Due to the homology to both gibberellic acid 20 oxidase 3 and 5, the host cell targets the endogenous expression of these two genes, preventing their expression and thus the biosynthesis of bioactive gibberellins.

Note:
  • The gibberellic acid 20 oxidase suppression sequences share a 100% homology with the gibberellic acid 20 oxidase 3 sequence and a 1-nucleotide mismatch to the gibberellic acid 20 oxidase 5 sequence. The one base mismatch does not impact the silencing of the gibberellic acid 20 oxidase 5.
EN
  • Feed
  • Food
Additional Information
EN